This is the research data set underlying the article "Soil CO2 efflux in an old-growth southern conifer forest (Agathis australis) – magnitude, components, and controls" which is published in the journal SOIL (doi:10.5194/soil-2016-21).Total soil CO2 efflux, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, and soil data was measured in the University of Auckland Huapai reserve as part of a research project on carbon cycling in an old-growth kauri forest. Measurements were conducted between August 2012 and January 2014.