This indicator measures the number of frost days for 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from at least 1972 to 2022. The number of frost days changes from year to year in response to variable weather patterns, and their occurrence is also influenced by climate change. Climate models project we may experience fewer cold and more warm extremes in the...

This data set measures the rise in annual mean sea level relative to land referenced to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1995 to 2014 baseline period mean sea level at four longer-term sites between 1901 and 2020: • Auckland • Wellington • Lyttelton • Dunedin and two additional sites with shorter time series: • Moturiki, Mount...

Small amounts of nitrogen are a natural component of healthy rivers. Nitrogen is transferred from land to water and is cycled through different forms, which can have different effects. Moderate concentrations of nitrate can cause weeds and algae to grow too fast. High concentrations of ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen can be toxic to fish and other aquatic...

To measure drought events, this dataset uses the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which incorporates temperature and precipitation. We report on drought frequency, duration, severity, and intensity at three different time scales, short-term (3 months), medium-term (6 months) and long-term (12 months). These different time scales...

This dataset measures annual and seasonal rainfall trends at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. Variables site: NIWA climate site. season: Season or Annual data (combined for ease of data use) trend_likelihood: Likelihood of trend direction adapted from IPCC criteria. period_start: Start of trend period period_end: End of trend period...

​ Adapted by Ministry for the Environment and Statistics New Zealand to provide for environmental reporting transparency. Dataset used to develop the “River water quality: Nitrogen” indicator, (available at https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/river-water-quality-nitrogen). Nitrogen in river waters is one of five parameters that provide an overview of New...

Lightning is the discharge of electricity from thunderstorms. Ground strikes can cause significant damage to property and infrastructure, and injure or kill people and livestock. Lightning is often associated with other severe weather events, such as strong wind gusts. Thunderstorms may increase in frequency and intensity with climate change. This dataset...

Temperature at 30 sites around the country from at least 1972 to 2022. We provide data on average, minimum, and maximum for daily temperatures. Variables: site: NIWA monitoring site. date: Date (day-month-year) statistic: Statistic (Average, Max, Min). temperature: Temperature in degrees Celsius.

The location and extent of Marine mammal sanctuaries in the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone.

The LUCAS Chatham Islands Land Use Map 2020 v001 is composed of New Zealand-wide land use classes (12) nominally at 31 December 1989, 31 December 2007, 31 December 2012, 31 December 2016, and 31 December 2020. These date boundaries are dictated by the Paris Agreement and former Kyoto Protocol. The data can therefore be used to create a map at any of the...

For trends, sites needed to have at least six complete years between 2011 and 2020. For annual trends, a site could not have a gap in the time series longer tan four months. Annual trends between 2011 and 2020 for: - Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations - Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations -...

This dataset measures the strength of extreme wind at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1980 to 2022. For individual sites, we provide data for the highest maximum wind gust, average maximum wind gust, and the number of days with wind gusts extreme for a location. The average of the daily maximum wind gust provides information on windiness, while...

This dataset measures daily rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. Variables: site: location of monitoring station date: date rainfall: rainfall in mm rainfall_units: rainfall is measured in mm lat: Approximate latitude location of NIWA climate stations to represent a site. lon: Approximate longitude location of NIWA climate...

A spatial dataset delineating the extent of regional airsheds notified in the New Zealand Gazette (https://gazette.govt.nz).

The location and extent of Marine reserves (type 1 marine protected areas) in the territorial sea.

Irrigation is used to support land use, particularly in areas with low or seasonal rainfall. Irrigation can improve the productivity of land for farming activity, and support amenity or recreational land uses within urban environments.Irrigation can also alter the natural character of our landscapes (eg change dry land to greener and wetter land), and can...

This dataset measures annual and seasonal rainfall at 30 sites across Aotearoa New Zealand from 1960 to 2022. We also provide data for annual and seasonal anomalies (difference from baseline) for each site from 1960 to 2022. Variables: site: NIWA climate site. season: Season or Annual data (combined for ease of data use) precipitation: Rainfall in mm...

This dataset reports the annual and seasonal temperatures at 30 sites around the country from at least 1972 to 2022. Data are also provided on anomalies for all 30 stations (difference from the 1991–2020 baseline period) and for 16 stations (difference from the 1961–1990 baseline period). Variables: site: NIWA monitoring site statistic: Statistic: maximum...

Note: Metadata relates to LiDAR point clouds. This layer has been provided to enable users to explore coverage and capture dates of the LiDAR. To enquire about ordering the LiDAR and/or related orthophotography, please e-mail lucas[at]mfe.govt.nz. Ministry for the Environment, Land Use Carbon Analysis System collection of swaths of LiDAR over planted...

Note that this is a large dataset so is provided as a shapefile, and will need a GIS application to view. Adapted by Ministry for the Environment and Statistics New Zealand to provide for environmental reporting transparency. Dataset used to develop the "River water quality: macroinvertebrate community index" indicator (available at...