The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) describes the long-term oscillation of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific climate oscillation causes climate fluctuations that can influence New Zealand’s climate. For example, it can affect the strength and frequency of El Niño and La Niña events. In New Zealand, the positive phase of the IPO is linked to stronger...

"The rates of death (mortality) of indigenous tree species vary across New Zealand. Changes in the state of the environment (such as from browsing pests, large-scale weather events, or climate change) may change the rates of mortality of particular tree species. This in turn may alter forest processes. Repeated surveys of the distribution of mortality...

"Water clarity is a measure of underwater visibility in rivers and streams and can vary due to differences in land use, climate, elevation, and geology. Water clarity can be reduced by the presence of fine particles like silt, mud or organic material in the water. This affects the habitat and feeding of aquatic life like fish and aquatic birds. Water...

For seasonal trends, sites needed to have at least six complete seasons between 2011 and 2020. New to this update: not all seasons had to be complete – the previous update only calculated trends over complete seasons. Seasonal trends between 2011 and 2020 for: - Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations - Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations -...

Coastal hydrosystems describe coastal features that span a gradient from near coast freshwater lakes/wetlands (lacustrine/palustrine environments) to marine. The term 'coastal hydrosystem' avoids the common error of referring to all such features as estuaries, mislabelling the numerous types that are non-estuarine and have different behavioural...

Daily peak UV index values at Invercargill, Lauder (Otago region), Christchurch, Paraparaumu (Wellington region), and Leigh (Auckland region). The strength of UV light is expressed as a solar UV index, starting from 0 (no UV) to 11+ (extreme). Exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) light helps our bodies make vitamin D, which we need for healthy bones and...

This dataset reports the linear trend (downward or upward shifts in data points over time) in New Zealand’s national average temperature from 1909 to 2022 from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research’s (NIWA) ‘seven-station’ temperature series. Variables: data_released: Year the data was released source: Source of data p_value: P value...

Adapted by Ministry for the Environment and Statistics New Zealand to provide for environmental reporting transparency. Dataset used to develop the "River water quality: Escherichia coli" indicator (available at https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/river-water-quality-escherichia-coli). This dataset contains one parameter of water quality based on...

Adapted by Ministry for the Environment and Statistics New Zealand to provide for environmental reporting transparency. Dataset used to develop the "River water quality: clarity and turbidity" indicator (available at https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/river-water-quality-clarity-and-turbidity). This dataset contains two parameters of water quality based...

Rare ecosystems are ecosystems that either naturally cover very small areas or have very little of their original extent remaining. The extent to which they are threatened with extinction informs their conservation priority. Column headings: no_ecosys = number of rare ecosystems This dataset relates to the "Rare ecosystems" measure on the Environmental...

We provide temperature and anomaly data alongside Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global land temperature anomalies against the 1961 to 1990, and 1991 to 2020 baseline periods. Global average temperatures have increased by around 1 degree Celsius in the last century, almost certainly a result of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels, particularly from motor vehicles, from burning wood and coal, and using unflued gas heaters for home heating. It also occurs naturally; for example, from wild fires. Carbon monoxide can affect human health by interfering with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and by aggravating...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas. The most common sources of carbon monoxide are from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as fuel used by vehicles, and from wood and coal, commonly burnt in fires for home heating. Other common sources of carbon monoxide are tobacco smoke and indoor gas fires. It also occurs...

Growing degree days (GDD) is the measure of how much warmth is available for plant and insect growth during a growing season. GDD information helps horticulturists and farmers predict plant growth and stock development. The GDD value changes in response to climate variations, such as El Niño. Long-term changes in GDD are a measure of changing climate...

We report on the conservation status and most recent change in status of indigenous (native), resident (breeds in New Zealand) freshwater fish and invertebrates that have been assessed by New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) expert panels. More information on this dataset and how it relates to our environmental reporting indicators and topics...

"The rates of death (mortality) of indigenous tree species vary across New Zealand. Changes in the state of the environment (such as from browsing pests, large-scale weather events, or climate change) may change the rates of mortality of particular tree species. This in turn may alter forest processes. Repeated surveys of the distribution of mortality...

Forest carbon stocks and areas, including stock changes, areas, and deforestation. New Zealand’s indigenous and exotic forests absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store the carbon as biomass and in the soil. On average, more than twice as much carbon per hectare is stored in New Zealand’s mature indigenous forests...

Note that this is a large dataset so is provided as a shapefile, and will need a GIS application to view. Adapted by Ministry for the Environment and Statistics New Zealand to provide for environmental reporting transparency. Dataset used to develop the "River water quality: phosphorus" indicator (available at https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/river-...

"The rates of death (mortality) of indigenous tree species vary across New Zealand. Changes in the state of the environment (such as from browsing pests, large-scale weather events, or climate change) may change the rates of mortality of particular tree species. This in turn may alter forest processes. Repeated surveys of the distribution of mortality...

The resource management enforcements dataset is compiled, from data supplied by Local Authorities (Regional, Unitary, and Territorial Councils), by the Ministry for the Environment. It contains numbers of different types of enforcement actions required of local authorities from 2014/15 to 2022/23. The NMS monitors implementation of the RMA by local...